Q388. The Revolt of 1857 first broke out at which place?
Why: The Revolt of 1857 began at Meerut on 10 May 1857, when Indian soldiers of the Bengal Army rebelled. Delhi became the next major centre after the rebels marched there and declared Bahadur Shah Zafar their leader.
Q389. Consider the following statements: 1. Bahadur Shah Zafar was declared the leader of the revolt in Delhi. 2. Nana Sahib led the revolt at Kanpur. 3. Begum Hazrat Mahal led the revolt at Lucknow. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Why: All three statements are correct. Bahadur Shah Zafar was accepted as the symbolic leader at Delhi, Nana Sahib was a major leader at Kanpur, and Begum Hazrat Mahal played a leading role in Lucknow.
Q390. The immediate military cause associated with the outbreak of the Revolt of 1857 was the introduction of cartridges believed to be greased with the fat of which animals?
Why: The new Enfield rifle cartridges were believed to be greased with cow and pig fat. Biting the cartridges was considered offensive by both Hindu and Muslim soldiers, contributing directly to the military discontent.
Q391. In which year was the Indian National Congress founded?
Why: The Indian National Congress was founded in 1885. Its first session was held at Bombay, with W.C. Bonnerjee serving as the first president.
Q392. The first session of the Indian National Congress was held in which city?
Why: The first Congress session was held in Bombay in December 1885 at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College. W.C. Bonnerjee presided over the session.
Q393. Consider the following statements regarding the early Indian National Congress: 1. The first session was presided over by W.C. Bonnerjee. 2. A.O. Hume played an important role in its formation. 3. The first session was held in Calcutta. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Why: Statements 1 and 2 are correct. The first session was presided over by W.C. Bonnerjee and A.O. Hume was an important organiser in the Congress's formation; the first session was held in Bombay, not Calcutta.
Q394. Mahatma Gandhi returned to India from South Africa in which year?
Why: Mahatma Gandhi returned to India from South Africa in January 1915. His return marked the beginning of his active involvement in India's national movement.
Q395. A peasant suffering from indigo cultivation problems approaches Gandhi for help. Which early Gandhian movement would this situation most directly relate to?
Why: Champaran Satyagraha of 1917 was associated with indigo cultivators in Bihar. Gandhi intervened against the system that forced peasants to cultivate indigo under oppressive conditions.
Q396. Consider the following statements about the Rowlatt Act: 1. It allowed detention without trial under specified circumstances. 2. Gandhi launched a nationwide satyagraha against it in 1919. 3. It was enacted after the Non-Cooperation Movement began. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Why: Statements 1 and 2 are correct. The Rowlatt Act was passed in 1919 and Gandhi launched a nationwide satyagraha against it; the Non-Cooperation Movement began later, in 1920.
Q397. The Non-Cooperation Movement was formally adopted by the Indian National Congress at which session?
Why: The Nagpur Session of the Congress in December 1920 approved the programme of Non-Cooperation and reorganised the Congress on a broader organisational basis. The Calcutta Session earlier in 1920 had endorsed the programme in principle.
Q398. A student leaves a government school and joins a national school as part of the nationalist campaign. Which programme does this action most directly illustrate?
Why: Boycotting government schools and colleges and establishing national educational institutions formed part of the Non-Cooperation programme. Salt law violation belonged to the later Civil Disobedience Movement.
Q399. The Non-Cooperation Movement was withdrawn in February 1922. How many years had approximately elapsed since its formal launch in August 1920?
Why: From August 1920 to February 1922 is about 18 months, or 1.5 years. The movement was withdrawn after the Chauri Chaura incident in February 1922.
Q400. The Civil Disobedience Movement was launched in 1930 with the violation of which law as its symbolic starting point?
Why: Gandhi broke the British salt law by making salt at Dandi in April 1930. The Salt March transformed opposition to the salt tax into a major mass phase of the Civil Disobedience Movement.
Q401. Consider the following statements regarding the Dandi March: 1. Gandhi started the march from Sabarmati Ashram. 2. The march ended at Dandi on the Arabian Sea coast. 3. Gandhi reached Dandi in April 1930. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Why: All three statements are correct. Gandhi began the march from Sabarmati Ashram on 12 March 1930 and reached Dandi on 6 April 1930, where he broke the salt law.
Q402. The distance covered by Gandhi and his initial group during the Dandi March was approximately 390 km. If they covered the distance in 24 days, what was their average daily distance?
Why: Average daily distance = Total distance ÷ Number of days = 390 ÷ 24 = 16.25 km per day. Therefore, the correct answer is 16.25 km.
Q403. The Quit India Movement was launched after the failure of which mission?
Why: The Cripps Mission arrived in India in 1942 with proposals for constitutional changes after the Second World War, but its proposals were rejected. The failure contributed to the launch of the Quit India Movement in August 1942.
Q404. Consider the following statements about the Quit India Movement: 1. The All India Congress Committee adopted the Quit India resolution at Bombay in August 1942. 2. The slogan "Do or Die" was associated with Gandhi's call during the movement. 3. The movement was launched after India became independent. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Why: Statements 1 and 2 are correct. The Quit India resolution was adopted in Bombay in August 1942, and Gandhi gave the call of "Do or Die"; the movement occurred before independence, not after it.
Q405. Which organisation was founded by Sachindranath Sanyal and Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee and later became associated with the Kakori case?
Why: The Hindustan Republican Association, formed in 1924, was associated with revolutionary activities including the Kakori train action of 1925. Its prominent members included Ram Prasad Bismil, Ashfaqulla Khan and others.
Q406. A revolutionary organisation operating in Bengal emphasised secret societies, physical training and armed resistance against colonial rule. Which organisation best fits this description?
Why: Anushilan Samiti was a revolutionary organisation associated particularly with Bengal and promoted physical culture, secret organisation and revolutionary activity. The other organisations listed had different political or social objectives.
Q407. Who founded the Mughal Empire in India after defeating Ibrahim Lodi in the First Battle of Panipat?
Why: Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi in the First Battle of Panipat in 1526 and established Mughal rule in northern India. Humayun succeeded Babur, while Akbar later consolidated and expanded the empire.
Q408. Consider the following statements about the Mughal mansabdari system: 1. Mansab indicated the rank of an official. 2. Zat and sawar were associated with the ranking system. 3. The system was introduced by Sher Shah Suri. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Why: Statements 1 and 2 are correct. The mansabdari system was developed under Akbar, with zat indicating personal rank and sawar indicating the cavalry obligation; it was not introduced by Sher Shah Suri.
Q409. Who was the first woman ruler of the Delhi Sultanate?
Why: Razia Sultan ruled the Delhi Sultanate from 1236 to 1240 and was the first and only woman to sit on the throne of the Delhi Sultanate. The other women listed belonged to different political contexts.
Q410. A Sultan introduces token currency made of copper and brass, intending it to circulate at the value of silver coins. Which ruler is associated with this experiment?
Why: Muhammad bin Tughlaq introduced token currency using copper and brass coins, intending them to have the value of silver coins. The experiment failed largely because counterfeit coins were easily produced.
Q411. Which Bhakti saint is most closely associated with the Nirguna tradition and devotional poetry that rejected religious distinctions based on caste and ritual?
Why: Kabir is strongly associated with the Nirguna Bhakti tradition and criticised rigid religious rituals and social divisions. Surdas, Tulsidas and Chaitanya are more closely associated with Saguna devotional traditions.
Q412. Consider the following statements about the Chishti Sufi tradition in India: 1. Khanqahs served as important centres of Sufi spiritual and social activity. 2. Nizamuddin Auliya was a prominent Chishti saint. 3. The Chishti tradition was centred exclusively on royal patronage. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Why: Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Khanqahs were important centres of Sufi life, and Nizamuddin Auliya was a leading Chishti saint; the tradition was not exclusively dependent on royal patronage.